Executive Summary
Since 2018, the Oromia region of Ethiopia has been affected by open warfare and protracted armed conflict involving Ethiopian federal and regional government security forces, the Oromo Liberation Army–Oromo Liberation Front (OLA-OLF) and other armed actors, including Fanno militias and Somali Regional State security forces seeking to expand territories and targeting civilians for their ethnicity. In 2025, this conflict continued to be marked by targeted, widespread and systematic human rights violations, with civilians bearing the primary burden of violence amid a deteriorating rule‑of‑law environment.
Considering the severity of civilian killings, arbitrary detentions, displacement, torture, and enforced disappearances—along with the premeditated and deliberate actions taken by actors in the region to achieve their political objectives—the Oromo Legacy, Leadership and Advocacy Association (OLLAA) believes that the human rights violations in Oromia constitute a crime against humanity.
This report documents human rights violations committed against civilians across Oromia between January and December 2025. Drawing on interviews with victims and their families, field‑based documentation, and corroborated open‑source information, OLLAA documented 361 human rights violations, of which 322 incidents (approximately 90%) were verified using OLLAA’s documentation methodology. Due to access restrictions, insecurity, and fear of retaliation, these figures likely underrepresent the true scale of violations.
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